VENTILATION SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORT TUNNELS: CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Abstract
The article discusses the types of tunnels, the features of their ventilation and the equipment used. The main focus is on transport tunnels, where ventilation is necessary to ensure safe driving conditions and protection from harmful emissions. Two types of ventilation are described: natural, based on thermal pressure, and mechanical, which provides air supply and removal using fans. Axial and jet fans, their design, principles of operation and advantages are presented in detail. Ventilation schemes are considered: longitudinal, transverse and combined, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Special attention is paid to fire protection and smoke removal in case of fires. It is indicated that the choice of ventilation system affects the size and design of the tunnel, therefore it is determined at an early stage of design. The material may be useful for specialists in the field of construction and operation of underground transport facilities.
Keywords
Tunnel, ventilation, transport facilities, axial fans, jet fans, natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, transverse ventilation
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