INNOVATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES

Abstract

Pharmaceutical drug delivery systems have undergone significant transformation over the past two decades, aiming to maximize therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. The introduction of nanotechnology, liposomal formulations, controlled-release mechanisms, and transdermal systems has fundamentally altered pharmacotherapy in various clinical fields. This study analyzes contemporary advancements in drug delivery technologies and evaluates their influence on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and patient compliance. A systematic review of eighty peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024 demonstrated that nanoparticle-based formulations improved drug bioavailability by up to fifty percent, while liposomal carriers significantly enhanced targeted delivery, reducing adverse effects in oncological and antimicrobial therapies. Controlled-release oral systems and transdermal patches showed substantial improvements in adherence and therapeutic stability in chronic treatment protocols. These findings highlight the critical role of advanced pharmaceutical technologies in optimizing drug therapy and underscore the need for continued research integrating nanoscience, biomaterials, and personalized medicine into future pharmaceutical development.