MAIN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS OF NETWORKS AND THEIR OPERATION
Abstract
This document describes the hardware-software complex of networks as a multi-layered model. It details the functional groups of devices connected to computer networks, namely workstations, network servers, and communication nodes. The text explains different network topologies (bus, star, and ring) and access methods (Ethernet, Token Ring, Arcnet). It also addresses the challenges and schemes of computer addressing within a network, including hardware addresses, symbolic names, and numerical connection addresses (IP, IPX). Furthermore, the document defines computer networks as a set of devices enabling information exchange, highlights the advantages of networking, discusses the concept and functions of local area networks (LANs), describes their types (bus, ring, star) with their characteristics, and explains the roles of key network devices such as repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways for interconnecting networks.
Keywords
Network components, hardware-software complex, workstation, network server, communication node, network topology, bus topology, star topology, ring topology, access method, Ethernet, Token Ring, Arcnet, computer addressing, hardware address, symbolic address, IP address, IPX address, DNS, local area network (LAN), repeater, bridge, router, gateway.
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