PREVENTION OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: HYGIENIC, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, AND ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACHES

Abstract

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, remain a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The prevention of HAIs requires a comprehensive approach, integrating hygienic, epidemiological, and organizational strategies. This study aims to analyze the current epidemiological trends of HAIs, identify the most common pathogens and risk factors, and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures implemented in hospital settings. Data were collected from international sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as well as reports from the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan. The methodology included literature review, statistical analysis, and assessment of infection control practices. Results indicate that Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the leading causative agents of HAIs, with intensive care units and surgical departments being the most affected areas. Implementation of strict hand hygiene, sterilization protocols, environmental disinfection, and staff training significantly reduced infection rates. The study highlights the urgent need for continuous monitoring, regular education of healthcare workers, and the development of national infection control policies. Strengthening preventive strategies can substantially improve patient safety and reduce the burden of HAIs on healthcare systems.