ANISOTROPY OF ELECTRONIC DENSITY IN BISMUTH OXIDES AND ITS ANALYSIS THROUGH NQR SPECTRA
Abstract
This article investigates the magnetic properties of bismuth oxide α-Bi₂O₃ and related bismuth oxide and oxyhalide compounds using nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). Although these materials exhibit diamagnetic behavior, ordered local magnetic fields—reaching up to 250 Gs—were detected through the NQR response of the 209Bi nucleus. Quadrupole splitting induced by the electric field gradient, along with Zeeman effects observed under external magnetic fields, enables the identification of nonequivalent atomic positions within the crystal lattice. Spectral lines obtained from single-crystal and powdered samples were processed through mathematical analysis and computer modeling, allowing for the determination of the magnitude and orientation of internal magnetic fields. The results provide deep insight into the electronic structure of bismuth-containing compounds, the anisotropy of the electric field gradient, and the mechanisms underlying the formation of local magnetic fields, thereby forming a significant scientific basis for the physics of functional materials.
Keywords
Bismuth oxide; nuclear quadrupole resonance; 209Bi nucleus; electric field gradient; Zeeman effect; local magnetic field.
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