CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CHANGES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES: AS PROGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Abstract

Cytokines are key mediators of the immune response, playing a dual role in infection control and immunopathology. Their profile during infectious diseases undergoes dynamic changes that correlate with disease severity and outcomes. This article aims to analyze the alterations in cytokine profiles in various infectious diseases and evaluate their significance as prognostic criteria. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies on cytokine dynamics in viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Key cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β) were evaluated in the context of disease pathogenesis and prognosis. The cytokine profile in infectious diseases is characterized by a complex balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. A "cytokine storm" with elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β correlates with severe disease and unfavorable outcomes. Elevated IL-10 levels indicate immunosuppression and chronicity. Specific cytokine ratios (IL-6/IL-10, TNF-α/IL-10) demonstrate high prognostic value. Distinct cytokine signatures have been identified for different etiologies. Cytokine profiling provides valuable prognostic information in infectious diseases. Individual cytokine levels, their ratios, and dynamic changes can serve as reliable biomarkers for disease severity, progression, and treatment response. Integrating cytokine analysis into clinical practice may improve risk stratification and personalized management of infectious diseases.