MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE ORAL MUCOSA IN PATIENTS WEARING REMOVABLE DENTURES: FREQUENCY OF COMPLICATIONS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF MICROCIRCULATION
Abstract
Removable prosthetic treatment remains one of the most widely used methods of oral rehabilitation in patients with partial and complete edentulism. Despite the development of implant dentistry, removable dentures continue to be extensively used in routine clinical practice, particularly in older patients and in individuals with medical or anatomical contraindications to implant placement. Long-term use of removable prostheses exposes the denture-bearing mucosa to постоян mechanical loading and may lead to inflammatory, traumatic, and atrophic changes.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and structure of morphofunctional changes in the oral mucosa in patients wearing removable dentures and to assess clinical features of microcirculation depending on denture design.
The study was carried out at the Bukhara Regional Dental Polyclinic and included 51 patients aged 45–75 years who had been wearing removable dentures for at least 6 months. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was performed to identify denture stomatitis, traumatic lesions, and mucosal atrophy. In addition, the condition of microcirculation in denture-bearing tissues was clinically assessed according to prosthetic design.
Pathological changes of the oral mucosa were identified in 22 of 51 patients (43.1%). Denture stomatitis was the most frequent complication and was diagnosed in 12 patients (23.5%). Traumatic lesions were found in 8 patients (15.7%), while mucosal atrophy was observed in 2 patients (3.9%). No cases of mucosal hyperplasia or candidiasis were detected. Acrylic dentures were associated with the most unfavorable clinical signs of impaired microcirculation, clasp dentures with the most stable tissue condition, and nylon dentures with intermediate findings.
The results indicate that morphofunctional changes of the oral mucosa in removable denture wearers are common and, in this cohort, appear to be largely associated with chronic mechanical impact on denture-bearing tissues. Denture design influenced both the clinical condition of the mucosa and the pattern of microcirculatory changes.
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