CHRONIC TONSILLITIS: ETIOPATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION

Abstract

Chronic tonsillitis is a persistent inflammatory disease of the palatine tonsils characterized by recurrent infection, structural changes in lymphoid tissue, and long-term impairment of local immune defense. It is one of the most common diseases encountered in otorhinolaryngology and significantly affects both children and adults. Repeated episodes of acute tonsillitis, bacterial colonization, decreased immune response, and environmental factors contribute to the development of chronic inflammation. Chronic tonsillitis may lead to serious local and systemic complications, including peritonsillar abscess, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, and cardiovascular disorders. Early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, supportive treatment, and preventive strategies are essential for successful management. This article discusses the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and prevention of chronic tonsillitis.