ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Environmental factors play a fundamental role in regulating plant growth, metabolism, productivity, and physiological adaptation. Temperature, light, water availability, soil composition, humidity, and atmospheric conditions directly influence photosynthesis, respiration, nutrient absorption, and plant development. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of major environmental factors on plant growth and physiological processes. The analysis demonstrated that optimal environmental conditions significantly improve germination, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll synthesis, and reproductive activity, whereas unfavorable conditions lead to physiological stress, growth inhibition, and reduced productivity. Understanding plant responses to environmental changes is essential for agriculture, ecology, plant physiology, and sustainable crop management.