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Vol. 13 No. 06 (2026)
International Multidisciplinary Journal for Research & Development

Articles

BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF MICROBIOTA IN ENSURING HUMAN HEALTH AND THE OCCURRENCE OF DISEASES

Published 2026-06-13

  • Zulfiya Baratovna Djuraeva

Zulfiya Baratovna Djuraeva
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology.

Abstract

The term "microbiome" typically refers to the population of different microorganisms that reside on the skin or inside the bodies of humans and animals. Trillions of commensals, symbiotics, and even harmful microbes make up this intricate ecology. The main factors affecting the composition and vitality of the microbiome include diet, lifestyle, and the external environment. The microbiome has a huge impact on both health and illness, according to recent research. They are dynamic in terms of quantity, composition, diversity, and viability. Since its discovery, several studies have emphasized the importance of microbiota in health and disorders. Microbiota can be categorized as gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota based on the localized areas. In symbiosis with the host, the microbial populations provide immunological regulation and homeostasis. However, dysbiosis of the microbiota can result in dysregulation of physiological processes and illnesses such as cancer, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), etc. Numerous health issues are caused, developed, and treated by all of these factors. Microbiota can have a direct or indirect impact on serious conditions like cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and even psychological disorders like schizophrenia. The present understanding of the relationship between microbiota and host health or disease is covered in this review. First, we provide an overview of the research on the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance, and immunological regulation of microbiota under healthy conditions. Next, we discuss the pathophysiology of microbiota dysbiosis in the onset and course of disease, which is mainly linked to dysregulation of community composition, host immune response modulation, and chronic inflammation induction. Lastly, we present therapeutic methods including fecal microbial transplantation and microbiota manipulation that use microbiota to treat diseases.

Keywords

Microbiota, Virome, Virobiota, Bacteriophages, Health, microbial communities, skin microbiota.

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