CORONARY CIRCULATION AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

Coronary circulation plays a crucial role in maintaining myocardial viability by ensuring a continuous supply of oxygen and metabolic substrates to cardiac tissue. Disruption of coronary blood flow leads to ischemia and, if prolonged, results in myocardial infarction, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to analyze the anatomical structure of coronary circulation and its role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. A comprehensive review of anatomical, physiological, and clinical literature was conducted to evaluate the relationship between coronary vessel structure, hemodynamic regulation, and pathological processes. The findings indicate that atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction are key contributors to coronary artery occlusion. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for improving preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and effective treatment of ischemic heart disease.