THE CONTRIBUTION OF MUSLIM SCIENTISTS TO THE WORLD CIVILIZATION IN THE 9 th-12 th CENTURIES

Abstract

During the Islamic Golden Age, which occurred roughly between 786 and 1258, significant scientific advancements were made in the medieval Islamic world. These developments took place under various Islamic rulers, including the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, and the Abbasid Caliphate. The achievements in Islamic science covered a diverse array of fields, with a particular focus on astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. Additionally, areas such as alchemy and chemistry, botany and agronomy, geography and cartography, ophthalmology, pharmacology, physics, and zoology were also subjects of scientific exploration.