PHARMACOVIGILANCE CHALLENGES IN THE MODERN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF UZBEKISTAN, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND GERMANY

Abstract

Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a cornerstone of public health, ensuring the safe and effective use of medicinal products throughout their life cycle. In modern healthcare systems, pharmacovigilance has evolved from a passive system of adverse drug reaction (ADR) collection into a complex, multidisciplinary framework that integrates clinical practice, regulatory science, epidemiology, and digital health technologies. Despite major regulatory and technological advances, significant challenges remain, including underreporting of ADRs, poor data quality, increasing complexity of medicines, globalization of pharmaceutical supply chains, and workforce limitations.
This review critically examines the key challenges facing contemporary pharmacovigilance systems and provides a comparative analysis of PV implementation in Uzbekistan, the United Kingdom (UK), and Germany. These countries represent different stages of system maturity and regulatory integration. The analysis highlights disparities in reporting culture, digital infrastructure, patient involvement, and regulatory harmonization. Strengthening pharmacovigilance requires coordinated regulatory policies, investment in digital health infrastructure, continuous professional training, and enhanced patient engagement. The findings of this review may support policymakers, regulators, and academic researchers in optimizing national pharmacovigilance systems, particularly in transitioning and developing healthcare settings.