ON ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONSIDERING OPERATING CONDITIONS

Abstract

Electric cars drive in a lot of different conditions, which change how they work and how much energy they use all the time. The slope of the road, the weight of the vehicle, the state of charge of the battery, and the driver's demand all add uncertainty that makes traditional fixed-parameter control strategies less effective. These kinds of controllers might work well in normal situations, but they often don't work as well in real life. This makes batteries work harder and uses more energy.

This paper presents an adaptive control framework for electric vehicles that explicitly addresses varying operational conditions. A control-oriented model of the electric vehicle is developed, incorporating the essential interactions between longitudinal vehicle dynamics, the electric drivetrain, and the battery energy system. This formulation posits that the control problem is characterized by parameters that are often uncertain and subject to temporal variation, in addition to practical constraints on motor torque and battery operational limits.

The proposed method incorporates knowledge of operating conditions directly into the control strategy, enabling real-time adjustments of control parameters in response to variations in road conditions, vehicle mass, and battery status. The function of the controller is track vehicle speed and make it more energy-efficient while also limiting how much power the battery needs. It does this by changing how much torque the traction motor has. The formula also makes sure that it works with the limits of regenerative braking, which makes it safe and easy to use.