SEVERE PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

Abstract

The aim of the study is to study and compare risk factors for the development of severe pneumonia in children. A comparative study of two groups of children with pneumonia from 1 month to 5 years old was conducted: 50 with severe pneumonia and 50 with mild/moderate pneumonia. The methods included an assessment of antenatal, postnatal, familial, genetic factors, and a comparative analysis of laboratory and instrumental indicators. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-squared, Mann-Whitney criteria, Spearman correlation coefficient, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Significant (p<0.05) anamnestic risk factors for severe pneumonia were identified: prematurity, low birth weight, birth defects, asphyxia during childbirth, lack of breastfeeding, body weight deficiency, anemia, frequent acute respiratory viral infections. Laboratory and instrumental predictors: leukocytosis >15×10⁹/l, rod-shaped shift >10%, CRP >50 mg/l, decreased IgG and IgA, increased IgM, pneumococcus in sputum, bilateral pneumonia, pleurisy, SPO₂<92%. To reduce the risk of severe pneumonia in children, it is necessary to influence modifiable factors: nutritional deficiency, anemia, body composition disorders, as well as vaccination, breastfeeding, air pollution control and secondhand smoke.