THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN COGNITION

Abstract

  This article analyzes the concept of human cognition, its historical and modern scientific perspectives, as well as the relationship between the cognitive process, medicine, and psychology. Human cognitive ability enables the comprehension of the external world, decision-making, and adaptation to social life through consciousness, thinking, memory, perception, and sensory activities. Cognition in human life is not limited to academic knowledge; it is closely connected with health, psychological stability, emotional regulation, and social interactions.
The study shows that the cognitive process has a neurophysiological basis and is carried out through brain activity, synaptic transmission, neuroplasticity, and sensory-perceptual mechanisms. Moreover, cognition plays a significant role in medical psychology and cognitive rehabilitation practices: for instance, in dementia, aphasia, traumatic brain injuries, and other neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive dysfunction determines diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
The philosophical and gnoseological analysis of cognition, as well as psychological and medical research, explain the complex mechanisms of the subject–object relationship, thinking, and emotional perception. This provides an important scientific foundation for improving human health, mental stability, and cognitive functions.
Furthermore, cognition is not only an individual but also a social phenomenon, and its development is closely linked to the spiritual stability of society, social adaptation, and technological progress. The article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of human cognition and cognitive processes through the integration of medical, psychological, and philosophical approaches.