HORMONAL CHANGES IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND MODERN TREATMENT APPROACHES
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 5-20% worldwide. This condition is characterized by complex hormonal imbalances that affect multiple physiological systems. This article examines the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hormonal changes in PCOS and reviews contemporary treatment modalities, including pharmacological interventions, lifestyle modifications, and emerging therapeutic strategies.
References
- Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, et al. (2016). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2:16057.
- Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, et al. (2012). Consensus on Women's Health Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Human Reproduction, 27(1):14-24.
- Goodarzi MO, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk G, Azziz R. (2011). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 7(4):219-231.
- Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. (2016). The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocrine Reviews, 37(5):467-520.
- Clinical Guidelines
- Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, et al. (2018). Recommendations from the International Evidence-Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 110(3):364-379.
- Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. (2004). Revised 2003 Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria and Long-Term Health Risks Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 81(1):19-25.
- Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA, et al. (2013). Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(12):4565-4592.
- Research Articles on Hormonal Pathophysiology
- Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A. (2012). Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Revisited: An Update on Mechanisms and Implications. Endocrine Reviews, 33(6):981-1030.
- McAllister JM, Legro RS, Modi BP, Strauss JF III. (2015). Functional Genomics of PCOS: From GWAS to Molecular Mechanisms. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 26(3):118-124.
- Dewailly D, Robin G, Peigne M, et al. (2016). Interactions Between Androgens, FSH, Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Estradiol During Folliculogenesis in the Human Normal and Polycystic Ovary. Human Reproduction Update, 22(6):709-724.
- Tarlatzis BC, Fauser BC. (2015). The Role of Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of PCOS. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 30(6):544-552.
- Studies on Lifestyle Interventions
- Moran LJ, Hutchison SK, Norman RJ, Teede HJ. (2011). Lifestyle Changes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7):CD007506.
- Hoeger KM, Kochman L, Wixom N, et al. (2008). A Randomized, 48-Week, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intensive Lifestyle Modification and/or Metformin Therapy in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 90(5):1717-1726.
- Thomson RL, Buckley JD, Noakes M, et al. (2008). The Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet with and without Exercise Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Profile, and Reproductive Function in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 93(9):3373-3380.
- Pharmacological Treatment Studies
- Legro RS, Brzyski RG, Diamond MP, et al. (2014). Letrozole versus Clomiphene for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(2):119-129.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.