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Vol. 12 No. 11 (2025)
International Multidisciplinary Journal for Research & Development

Articles

ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE V)

Published 2025-11-17

  • Xujamberdiyev Voxidjon Bobajonovich

Xujamberdiyev Voxidjon Bobajonovich
Andijan State Medical Institute

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the anatomical structure and functional roles of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), emphasizing its three primary branches: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3). Cadaveric dissections combined with literature review were used to examine the nerve’s origin, branching patterns, sensory territories, and motor innervation. The ophthalmic and maxillary branches were found to be purely sensory, while the mandibular branch carried both sensory and motor fibers to the muscles of mastication. Minor anatomical variations, particularly in the maxillary branch, were observed in 20% of specimens, highlighting clinical implications for neurology, dentistry, and maxillofacial surgery. The study confirms the trigeminal nerve as a highly organized structure with distinct functional responsibilities and underscores the importance of detailed anatomical knowledge for diagnosis, surgical planning, and pain management.

Keywords

Trigeminal nerve, Nervus trigeminus, Cranial nerve V, Ophthalmic branch, Maxillary branch, Mandibular branch, Sensory function, Motor function, Anatomical variations, Facial innervation

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